Abstract
Background
Depression commonly occurs after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) which
can negatively impact patients and their caregivers. Identification and validation
of depression screening instruments specifically for patients with aSAH and their
caregivers has not been performed.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to identify the common depression screening tools
in patients with aSAH and their caregivers and to determine if they are validated
for use in these populations.
Methods
Medical Subject Headings and keyword search terms were used in five electronic databases
to identify randomised controlled, quasi-experimental and observational studies published
between 1 January 2010 and 26 June 2022. Screening, data extraction and study quality
assessments were conducted by two independent reviewers.
Results
Of the 3440 identified studies, 61 met inclusion, with 2 of 61 (3%) RCTs, 2 of 61
(3%) quasi-experimental, and 57 of 61 (93%) observational studies included. The majority
of studies (58/61 [95%]) reported patient-only depression screening, 1 of 61 (2%)
reported both patients' and caregivers' depression screening, and 2 of 61 (3%) reported
caregiver-only depression screening. Nine depression screening instruments were identified.
The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was the most commonly used (13/59; 22%),
followed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (12/59; 20%). In the
ischaemic stroke population, the BDI-II was reported to have excellent sensitivity
(0.85) and specificity (0.75); the HADS was also found to have good sensitivity (0.62)
and specificity (0.83) in the ischaemic stroke population. Only two depression screening
instruments for caregivers were identified: HADS and Goldberg Depression Scale. Both
were found to have good sensitivity (>0.80) and specificity (>0.80) in the general
population.
Conclusion
The BDI-II and HADS were the most commonly used depression screening instruments in
patients with aSAH. Neither of these instruments has been specifically validated in
an aSAH population. None of the nine depression instruments were validated for patients
with aSAH. Due to an insufficient number of studies in caregivers' population, validity
was unable to be determined.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Australian Critical CareAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Estimating the global incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review for central nervous system vascular lesions and meta-analysis of ruptured aneurysms.World Neurosurg. 2018; 115: 430-447.e7
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage.Lancet. 2007; 369: 306-318
- Mortality after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: causality and validation of a prediction model.World Neurosurg. 2018; 112: e799-e811
- Long-term reintegration and quality of life in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and a good neurological outcome: findings after more than 20 years.J Neurosurg. 2018; 128: 785
- Long-term neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological sequelae of endovascularly treated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Acta Med Port. 2019; 32: 706-713
- Long-term outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Lancet Neurol. 2011; 10: 349-356
- Cognitive and functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Stroke. 2010; 41: e519-e536
- Long-term health-related quality of life after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage relationship with psychological symptoms and personality characteristics.Stroke. 2009; 40: 1526-1529
- Patient-reported outcome measures for patients with cerebral aneurysms acquired via social media: data from a large nationwide sample.J Neurointerventional Surg. 2016; 8: 42-46
- Depression after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review.J Stroke. 2020; 22: 11-28
- Leisure and social participation in patients 4-10 years after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Brain Inj. 2015; 29: 1589-1596
- Psychosocial comorbidities related to return to work rates following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.J Occup Rehabil. 2019; 29: 205-211
- Depression and anxiety following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are associated with higher six-month unemployment rates.J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017; 29: 67-69
- Trauma- and distress-associated mental illness symptoms in close relatives of patients with severe traumatic brain injury and high-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage.Acta Neurochir. 2015; 157 (discussion 36): 1329-1336
- Quality of life in patients and partners after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Stroke. 1998; 29: 798-804
- The impact of care on carers of patients treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Br J Neurosurg. 2004; 18: 135-137
- Posttraumatic stress disorder in the family and friends of patients who have suffered spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.J Neurosurg. 2008; 109: 1027-1033
- Brain damage is a family affair.J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1988; 10: 111-123
- Neuropsychological sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage and its treatment.Springer Science & Business Media, 2000
- Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation for everyday adaptive living.2nd ed. Psychology Press, Hove, East Sussex2013
- Possible interpretation of subjective complaints in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.J Rehabil Med. 2004; 36: 63-69
- Comparative validity of depression assessment scales for screening poststroke depression.J Affect Disord. 2012; 147: 186-191
- The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10.J Clin Psychiatry. 1998; 59: 22-33
- Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores do not accurately estimate depression prevalence: individual participant data meta-analysis.J Clin Epidemiol. 2020; 122: 115-128.e1
- Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.BMJ. 2009; 339: e78-e336
- Chapter 3: systematic reviews of effectiveness.in: Aromataris E. Munn Z. JBI manual for evidence synthesis. JBI, 2020
- Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers' to authors' assessments.BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014; 14: 45
- Spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and related cortisol and immunologic alterations: impact on patients' health-related quality of life.J Neurol Surg. 2019; 80: 371-380
- A twelve-week moderate exercise programme improved symptoms of depression, insomnia, and verbal learning in post-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients: a comparison with meningioma patients and healthy controls.Neuropsychobiology. 2018; 76: 59-71
- Clinical and neuropsychological outcome after microsurgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured and unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms: a single-enter experience.Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2017; 124: 173-177
- Longitudinal course of depressive symptoms and anxiety after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017; 53: 98-104
- Sleep quality, sleep EEG pattern, mental well-being and cortisol secretion in patients with ruptured aneurysm post-treatment: a comparison with post-surgery meningioma patients and controls.Neuropsychobiology. 2016; 73: 148-159
- Effect of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on cognition in long-term survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Exp Ther Med. 2015; 10: 369-373
- Predictors of long-term health-related quality of life in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.NeuroRehabilitation. 2012; 30: 137-145
- Predicting fatigue 1 year after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.J Neurol. 2011; 258: 1091-1097
- Health-related quality of life in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010; 30: 423-431
- J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2010; 47: 345-351
- Prevalence and determinants of cognitive complaints after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010; 29: 557-563
- Cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms.Iran J Neurol. 2018; 17: 117-122
- The effect of time on cognitive impairments after non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage and after traumatic brain injury.Brain Inj. 2018; 32: 1465-1476
- Restrictions and satisfaction with participation in patients who are ADL-independent after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017; 24: 134-141
- Longitudinal profile of iron accumulation in good-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage.Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016; 3: 781-790
- Are metacognitive processes associated with posttraumatic stress symptom severity following acquired brain injury?.Disabil Rehabil. 2015; 37: 692-700
- Patients experience high levels of anxiety 2 years following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.World Neurosurg. 2015; 83: 1090-1097
- Psychological distress after subarachnoid hemorrhage: patient support groups can help us better detect it.J Neurol Sci. 2014; 343: 125-131
- The risk of headache attributed to surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a cohort study.Headache J Head Face Pain. 2013; 53: 1613-1623
- Neuropsychologic impact of treatment modalities in subarachnoid hemorrhage: clipping is No different from coiling.World Neurosurg. 2010; 74: 129-138
- Validation of the stroke specific quality of life scale in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010; 81: 485-489
- Predictors of poor quality of life 1 Year after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neurosurgery. 2016; 78: 256-264
- Long-term functioning of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a 4-yr follow-up study.Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016; 95: 112-120
- Differences in cognitive and emotional outcomes between patients with perimesencephalic and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.J Rehabil Med. 2014; 46: 28-32
- Depressed mood and quality of life after subarachnoid hemorrhage.J Neurol Sci. 2013; 335: 64-71
- Efficacy of early rehabilitation after surgical repair of acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: outcomes after verticalization on days 2-5 versus day 12 post-bleeding.Turk Neurosurg. 2017; 27: 867-73
- Clinical outcomes after endovascular coiling in high-grade aneurysmal hemorrhage.Can J Neurol Sci. 2011; 38: 30-35
- Quality of life after brain injury (QOLIBRI) overall scale for patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.J Clin Neurosci. 2014; 21: 954-956
- Evaluation of cognitive impairment by the montreal cognitive assessment in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: prevalence, risk factors and correlations with 3 month outcomes.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012; 83: 1112-7
- Neuropsychiatric disturbances in acute subarachnoid haemorrhage.Eur J Neurol. 2011; 18: 857-864
- Long-term complications and influence on outcome in patients surviving spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020; 49: 307-315
- Health-related quality of life dynamics 2 years following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study using EQ-5D.Neurosurgery. 2017; 81: 650-658
- Health-related quality of life at median 12 months after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, measured with EuroQoL-5D.Acta Neurochir. 2013; 155: 587-593
- Outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage measured with the EQ-5D.Stroke. 2011; 42: 3284-3286
- Cost-effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy in non-traumatic neurological emergencies.Eur J Neurol. 2011; 18: 402-409
- Predictors of work status and quality of life 9-13 years after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrahage.Acta Neurochir. 2012; 154: 1437-1446
- Depression screening in stroke: a comparison of alternative measures with the structured diagnostic interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (major depressive episode) as criterion standard.Stroke. 2012; 43: 1000-1005
- The criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of self-referred elders with depressive symptomatology.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004; 19: 558-563
- Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), geriatric depression scale (GDS), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).Arthritis Care Res. 2011; 63: S454-S466
- Symptom profile of DSM-IV major and minor depressive disorders in first-ever stroke patients.Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005; 13: 108-115
- Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.N Engl J Med. 2006; 354: 387-396
- Symptoms experienced by family members of patients in intensive care units.Am J Crit Care. 2009; 18: 200-209
- The hospital anxiety and depression scale.Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983; 67: 361-370
- Evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in screening stroke patients for symptoms: item response theory (IRT) analysis.J Affect Disord. 2018; 228: 33-40
- Screening for anxiety and depression after stroke: comparison of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the Montgomery and Åsberg depression rating scale.J Psychosom Res. 2009; 67: 325-332
- The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale: an updated literature review.J Psychosom Res. 2002; 52: 69-77
- Structural validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale among family members of critically ill patients.Am J Crit Care. 2021; 30: 212-220
- Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings.Br Med J. 1988; 297: 897-899
- The relationship of coping style with depression, burden, and life dissatisfaction in caregivers of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.J Rehabil Med. 2014; 46: 321-326
- Psychosocial outcomes for patients and carers after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Br J Neurosurg. 2001; 15: 456-463
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 09, 2023
Accepted:
December 29,
2022
Received in revised form:
December 28,
2022
Received:
September 9,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
