Australian Critical Care
Volume 24, Issue 4 , Pages 229-243 , November 2011

The severe sepsis bundles as processes of care: A meta-analysis

  • Diane J. Chamberlain, RN, BN, BSc, MNSc, MPH, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Flinders University, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence address: Flinders University, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Tel.: +61 8 8201 3772; fax: +61 8 8276 1602.
  • ,
  • Eileen M. Willis

      Affiliations

    • Head Social Health Sciences, Flinders University, Australia
  • ,
  • Andrew B. Bersten

      Affiliations

    • Head Critical Care Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Australia

Received 9 July 2010 ,Revised 14 December 2010 ,Accepted 11 January 2011.

References 

  1. Berwick D, Calkins DR, McCannon CJ, Hackbarth AD. The 100,000 Lives Campaign: setting a goal and a deadline for improving health care quality. JAMA. 2006;295:324–327
  2. Pronovost PJ, Berenholtz SM, Ngo K, et al. Developing and testing quality indicators in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2003;18:145–155
  3. Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, Sinopoli D, Chu H, Cosgrove S, et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related blood stream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2725–2732
  4. Dellinger RP, Vincent JL. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign sepsis change bundles and clinical practice. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):653–654
  5. In:  Cruickshank M,  Ferguson J editor. Reducing harm to patients from health care associated infection: the role of surveillance. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care; 2008;
  6. IHI. Institute for healthcare improvement: IMPACT network. http://www.ihi.org/ihi/programs/impactnetwork; 2008 [21.06.2010].
  7. Vincent JL. Give your patient a fast hug (at least) once a day. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1225–1229
  8. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(3):858–887
  9. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(1):296–327
  10. Eichacker PQ, Natanson C, Danner RL. Surviving sepsis – practice guidelines, marketing campaigns, and Eli Lilly. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1640–1642
  11. Ranieri VM, Moreno RP, Rhodes A. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:423–425
  12. Durbin CG. Is industry guiding the sepsis guidelines? A perspective. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:689–691
  13. Finfer S. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: robust evaluation and high-quality primary research is still needed. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):683–684
  14. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, Ressler J, Muzzin A, Knoblich B, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1368–1377
  15. Wolf SJ, Tebb ZD, Byyny RL. Clinical effectiveness and early goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock. Chest. 2008;133(2):584
  16. Peake S, Webb S, Delaney A. Early goal-directed therapy of septic shock: we honestly remain skeptical. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(3):994–995
  17. Sprivulis PC, Da Silva JA, Jacobs IG, Frazer AR, Jelinek GA. The association between hospital overcrowding and mortality among patients admitted via Western Australian emergency departments. Med J Aust. 2006;184(5):208–212
  18. Schoen C, Doty MM. Inequities in access to medical care in five countries: findings from the 2001 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey. Health Policy. 2004;67(3):309–322
  19. Hicks P, Cooper D, Webb S, Myburgh J, Seppelt I, Peake S, et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. An assessment by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2008;36(2):149–151
  20. Peake SL, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Cameron PA, Cross A, Delaney A, et al. Australasian resuscitation of sepsis evaluation (ARISE): a multi-centre, prospective, inception cohort study. Resuscitation. 2009;80(7):811–818
  21. Jones AE, Kline JA. Use of goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock in academic emergency departments. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1888–1889
  22. Australasian Resuscitation in Sepsis Evaluation investigators (ARISE) are recruiting for a randomised control trial (Registered Clinical Trial number ACTRN12608000053325) of EGDT versus current practice. This is in conjunction with ProCESS (Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock), US based trial Register Clinical Trial (NCT00510835), and ProMISe (Protocolised Management in Sepsis, UK based trial).
  23. Surviving Sepsis Campaign Statement on Glucose Control in Severe Sepsis. Available at: http://www.survivingsepsis.org/About_the_Campaign/Documents/SSC%20Statement%20on%20Glucose%; June 2009 uploaded [14.11.2010].
  24. NICE-SUGAR Study InvestigatorsFinfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1346–1349
  25. Gao F, Melody T, Daniels D, Giles S, Fox S. The impact of compliance with 6-hour and 24-hour sepsis bundles on hospital mortality in patients with severe sepsis-prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2005;9:R764–R770
  26. Douglas IS, Marchlowska P, Rains R, Kinsella M, Golden S, Randall A, et al. A statewide implementation of surviving sepsis campaign bundles by the Colorado Critical Care Collaborative. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(12):[abstract 99]
  27. Kortgen A, Niederprum P, Bauer M. Implementation of an evidence-based standard operating procedure and outcome in septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(4):943–949
  28. Trzeciak S, Dellinger RP, Abate NL, Cowan RM, Stauss M, Kilgannon JH, et al. Translating research to clinical practice: a 1-year experience with implementing early goal-directed therapy for septic shock in the emergency department. Chest. 2006;129(2):225–232
  29. Micek ST, Roubinian N, Heuring T, Bode M, Williams J, Harrison C, et al. Before–after study of a standardized hospital order set for the management of septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(11):2707–2713
  30. Shapiro N, Howell MD, Bates DW, Angus DC, Ngo L, Talmor D. The association of sepsis syndrome and organ dysfunction with mortality in emergency department patients with suspected infection. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(5):583–590, 590.e1
  31. Jones AE, Focht A, Horton JM, Kline JA. Prospective external validation of the clinical effectiveness of an emergency department-based early goal-directed therapy protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock. Chest. 2007;132(2):425–432
  32. Nguyen HB, Corbett SW, Steele R, Banta J, Clark RT, Hayes SR, et al. Implementation of a bundle of quality indicators for the early management of severe sepsis and septic shock is associated with decreased mortality. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(4):1105–1112
  33. Zambon M, Ceola M, Almeida-de-Castro R, Gullo A, Vincent JL. Implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock: we could go faster. J Crit Care. 2008;23(4):455–460
  34. Ferrer R, Artigas A, Levy MM, Blanco J, González-Díaz G, Garnacho-Montero J, et al. Improvement in process of care and outcome after a multicenter severe sepsis educational program in Spain. JAMA. 2008;299(19):2294–2303
  35. Orford N, Faulkner C, Flintoff W, Eddey D, Lamb-Jenkins J, Henry M, et al. Implementation and outcomes of a severe sepsis protocol in an Australian tertiary hospital. Crit Care Resus. 2008;10:217–224
  36. El Solh AA, Akinnusi ME, Alsawalha LN, et al. Outcome of septic shock in older adults after implementation of the sepsis “bundle”. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:272–278
  37. Ellender TJ, Fiege AB, Skinner JC, Guzman O. Evaluation of early therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective review of protocolized care content on clinical practice. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;53(4):S85;[abstract]
  38. Baldwin LN, Smith SA, Fender V, Gisby S, Fraser J. An audit of compliance with the sepsis resuscitation care bundle in patients admitted to A&E with severe sepsis or septic shock. Int Emerg Nurs. 2008;16(4):250–256
  39. Guo QL, Nong Y, Xu L, He Y, He G, Chen WS, et al. Evaluation of compliance with bundle treatment in the management of severe infection. Chin Crit Care Med. 2009;21(1):8–12
  40. De Miguel-Yanes JM, Muñoz-González J, Andueza-Lillo JA, Moyano-Villaseca B, González-Ramallo VJ, Bustamante-Fermosel A. Implementation of a bundle of actions to improve adherence to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines at the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(6):668–674
  41. Thiel SW, Asghar MF, Micek ST, Reichley RM, Doherty JA, Kollef MH. Hospital-wide impact of a standardized order set for the management of bacteremic severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(3):819–825
  42. Girardis M, Rinaldi L, Donno L, Marietta M, Codeluppi M, Marchegiano P, et al. Effects on management and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit after implementation of a sepsis program: a pilot study. Crit Care. 2009;13(5):R143
  43. Artigas A, Edusepsis MD investigators . Effectiveness of treatments for severe sepsis: a prospective multicenter observational study in Spanish ICUs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:A4689;[abstract]
  44. Castellanos-Ortega A, Suberviola B, García-Astudillo LA, Holanda MS, Ortiz F, Llorca J, et al. Impact of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign protocols on hospital length of stay and mortality in septic shock patients: results of a three-year follow-up quasi-experimental study. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(4):1036–1043
  45. Jones AE, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, Arnold RC, Claremont HA, Kline JA, et al. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2010;303(8):739–746
  46. Levy MM, Dellinger RP, Townsend SR, Linde-Zwirble WT, Marshall JC, Bion J, et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: results of an international guideline-based performance improvement program targeting severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):367–374
  47. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006–1012
  48. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539–1558
  49. Horn SD, Gassaway J. Practice based evidence: incorporating clinical heterogeneity and patient-reported outcomes for comparative effectiveness research. Med Care. 2010;48(6 Suppl.):S17–S22
  50. Holden JD. Hawthorne effects and research into professional practice. J Eval Clin Pract. 2001;7(1):65–70
  51. Suberviola B, Castellanos A, González C, et al. Implementation and outcomes of the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(Suppl. 2):S27
  52. Shapiro NI, Howell MD, Talmor D, Lahey D, Ngo L, Buras J, et al. Implementation and outcomes of the Multiple Urgent Sepsis Therapies (MUST) protocol. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:1025–1032
  53. van Beest P, Hofstra J, Schultz M, Boerma E, Spronk P, Kuiper M. The incidence of low venous oxygen saturation on admission in the ICU: a multicenter observational study in the Netherlands. Crit Care. 2008;12:R33
  54. Ho BC, Bellomo R, McGain F, Jones D, Naka T, Wan L, et al. The incidence and outcome of septic shock patients in the absence of early-goal directed therapy. Crit Care. 2006;10:R80
  55. Marik P, Preiser J. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and meta analysis. Chest. 2010;137(3):544–551
  56. Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Malhotra A, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ. 2009;180(8):821–827

PII: S1036-7314(11)00004-X

doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2011.01.003

Australian Critical Care
Volume 24, Issue 4 , Pages 229-243 , November 2011